Appendix B. Occupations*

A look at the growth and decline of trades in a community offers more than lists of people active in the village at a particular time. Everyday living habits are revealed by the number of tradespeople working in their respective fields. A look at bakers can indicate the trend away from each housewife baking her own bread and cakes, through to mass manufacturing and distribution. The numbers and locations of sawyers and brickmakers will relate to types of building construction found in the community at different times.

The growth of the service trades, such as dressmakers, tailors, milliners, and mantlemakers, is a clear indication of increased dependence on professionally made clothes and the greater availability of ready cash with which to purchase them.

The following lists are only a sampling of the many trades and services available to Richmond Hill residents between 1800 and 1930. A brief explanatory key will assist in understanding them.

V, M, K, and W	=	Vaughan, Markham, King and Whitchurch - the four townships comprising Richmond Hill
c	=	circa; usually taken to mean about 5 to 10 years either side of the given date
Lot 15-2-M	=	for example, Lot 15, Concession 2, Markham

For those working in the village, Vaughan or Markham is noted beside their name, whenever it is known in which of the former townships they were located.

In many instances the range of dates given is based on the earliest and latest references found. The tradesperson may well have been active earlier or later, but is unlikely to have worked in Richmond Hill during a prior or following census year. The available census years are 1851, 1861, 1871, 1881, and 1891. The 1851 census is not available for Whitchurch.

The information has been compiled from a variety of sources. As well as census records, the following sources have been used:

- assessment records

- deed abstracts and land title deeds

- directories

- Dunn and Bradstreet ratings

- newspaper advertisements

- newspaper social and news items

- miscellaneous archival records

* For further information, please consult the local historical collection at the Central Branch of the Richmond Public Library.

Bakers

There appear to have been two main bakeries in the village. The first was on a property leased from Thomas Morgan and located on the east side of Yonge Street, just north of the present Lorne Avenue. This bakery operated from at least 1850 to about 1870, with a frequent turnover of bakers.

The second bakery was started by George Soules, at the northeast corner of Yonge Street and Dunlop Street (formerly Dufferin). The trade stabilized, with bakers generally lasting eight or more years. The longest tenure was that of David Hill, who operated his bakery for about 26 years before switching to the automotive business and the Hill family's Canadian Tire franchise.

Location	Name		Date
Village	McDonald, John	Lot 46-1-M	c1851
	White, James	Lot 46-1-M	c1851
	Gregory, George	Lot 46-1-M	1852
	Spence, Thomas	Lot 46-1-M	1853
	Bye, Robert	Lot 46-1-M	1854 - c1855
	Gregory, George	Lot 46-1-M	1856
	Perry, Charles	Lot 46-1-M	1857
	Holliwell, William		c1858
	Taggart, Charles	Lot 46-1-M	1860 - 1862
	Pollock, Wm. S.	Lot 46-1-M	1865 - 1867
	Bassingthwaite, Peter	Lot 46-1-M	1867
	McIntosh, John		1871
	Soules, George	Vaughan	c1871 - 1875
	Soules, George	at Dunlop	1875 - 1880
	McCarthy, Joseph	Lot 46-1-V	1877
	Lymburner, Robert	at Dunlop	1880 - 1882
	Brown, John	at Dunlop	1882 - 1890
	Hagerman Bros.	at Dunlop	1890 - 1891
	Rupert, Adam J.	at Dunlop	1891 - 1892
	Sharp, John		c1891
	Wiley, Alfred		c1891
	Hill, David	at Dunlop	1892 - 1918
	Hill, James	at Dunlop	1892 - 1918
	Eden, Arthur A.	at Dunlop	1918 - c1930
	Winterton, Charles	Lot 47-1-M	1922
Unknown	Bird, Charles		1909
	Mylks, William		1918

Barbers

Richmond Hill residents must have tended to their own tonsorial needs until the 1870s; no barbers appeared in census records or newspaper advertisements until Thomas Coupland advertised in 1872. The decade between 1875 and 1885 saw as many as five barbers working in the village at the same time. Many of them had their barbershops in the hotels where they could cater to the travelling public as well as local residents.

Location	Name		Date
Village	Coupland, Thomas B.	Lot 47-1-V	1872 - c1875
	McCarthy, Joseph	Lot 46-1-V	1874 - 1877
	Wright, George	Lot 47-1-V	c1875 - 1880
	Stephenson, J.	Dominion Hotel	1876
	McRae, J.	Lot 46-1-V	1877
	Wright, George	Grand Central Hotel	1880 - c1883
	Wright, George	Dominion House	c1883 - 1884
	Andrews, Albert (Bert)	Lorne Block	1883 - c1894
	Lloyd, A.	Grand Central	c1883
	Boynton, Warren		c1891
	Ransom, Moses	Lorne Block	c1895 - 1913
	Ransom, Moses	Lot 46-1-V	1913 - c1931
	Grainger, Edward (Ted)	Dominion Hotel	c1911 - c1923
	Storey, Wilbert	Hotel Richmond	c1923

Blacksmiths

Blacksmithing was an essential service from the very beginnings of settlement. Richmond Hill's earliest references show blacksmith shops operating from at least 1827, with the final reference being a century later in 1926.

Several of the shops were located on the east side of Yonge Street, south of the current Lorne Avenue. However, they were also found in each hamlet and at many of the main crossroads, as well as scattered throughout the rural areas.

A number of blacksmiths were also wheelwrights, while others concentrated on agricultural implements. This led to the growth of two industries, wagon and carriagemaking and agricultural implement foundries.

Many of the blacksmiths in Vaughan between 1861 and 1881 were probably employed at the Patterson Agricultural Works.

Location	Name		Date
Langstaff	Gardner, Alexander	Lot 36-1-M	c1854
Lot 38-1-V	Routledge, James		c1851
Lot 41-1-V	Burr, Reuben		1833 - 1836
	Sanderson, Samuel		1836 - 1844
	Boothby, Thomas		1844 - c1871
	Jackson, George		c1851
	Thompson, Stephen		c1861
	Wright, William		c1891
	Wood, George		c1899 - 20thC
Lot 44-1-V	Munshaw, William	east	c1865 - 1874
	Grist, James	east	c1871
	Thompson, William		1874
Village	Morgan, Thomas & John	Lot 46-1-M	c1827 - c1846
	Rogers, Thomas	Lot 46-1-M	1828 - 1831
	Wilcox, Jonathan Dudley	Lot 46-1-M	1831 - 1844
	Wilkie, Thomas & John	Lot 47-1-V	1838 - c1855
	Sanderson, Samuel	Lot 46-1-M	1844 - 1862
	Sedman, Thomas	Lot 46-1-M	c1846 - c1881
	Langrel, John	Lot 46-1-M	c1851
	Gardner, Alexander	Lot 47-1-V	c1851 - c1854
	Charles, Thomas	Lot 48-1-V	c1861
	Smith, John	Lot 46-1-M	1861 - 1864
	Deveny, John	Lot 46-1-M	c1861
	Moran, James	Vaughan	c1861
	Plaxton, John	Vaughan	c1861
	Sims, John	Markham	c1861 - c1870
	Trench, William, Sr.	Lot 46-1-M	1869 - c1871
	Sims, John	Vaughan	c1870 - c1906
	Clark, Robert	Lot 46-1-V	c1871
	Coyle, Thomas	Vaughan	c1871
	Farrell, George	Vaughan	c1871
	Gaby, Joseph	Vaughan	c1871
	Hopper, Robert, Jr.	Vaughan	c1871
	Miller, James	Lot 46-1-M	c1871
	Moylan, Patrick	Lot 47-1-V	c1871
	Savage, John	Vaughan	c1871
	Trench, Robert	Vaughan	c1871
	Trench, William, Jr.	Lot 46-1-M	c1871 - c1892
	Stephens, George	Lot 47-1-M	1879 - c1881
	Barber, John	Dominion Hotel	c1881
	David, Nelson R.	Dominion Hotel	c1881
	Gardner, William	Vaughan	c1881
	Gray, David	Vaughan	c1881 - c1891
	King, Joseph	Vaughan	c1881
	McDonald, James		c1881
	Slaney, Michael	Vaughan	c1881
	Trench, George		c1881
	Campbell, Alexander	Church St.	c1891 - c1908
	Cooper, William		c1891
	Glover, George		c1891
	Sims, Alexander		c1891
	Wiley, William		c1891
	Cowie, George	Lot 48-1-V	1903 - 1926
	Good, Ralph	Vaughan	c1905 - c1907
	Maxwell, James	Church St.	c1905
	Northcot, William	Palmer House	c1906 - c1909
	Allison, Russel	Dominion Hotel	c1907
	Mantle, Elijah	Vaughan	c1908
	Hunt, James	Lot 48-1-M	1923 - 1924
Elgin Mills	Trench, William, Sr.	Lot 51-1-V	1842 - 1869
	Dunn, Charles	Lot 50-1-V	c1851
	Craik, Peter	Lot 49-1-V	c1861 - 1869
	Craik, Peter	Lot 51-1-V	1869 - c1871
	Clift, Albert S.	Lot 51-1-V	c1891
	Clift, John Stone	Lot 51-1-V	c1891
	Clift, Samuel	Lot 51-1-V	c1891
	Woodward, F. J.	Lot 51-1-V	1909 - 1912
Lot 59-1-M	Mortson, Thomas		c1851 - c1861
Oak Ridges	Routledge, Peter	Lot 68-1-K	c1848 - 20thC
	Ramsey, William		c1851
	Redden, William, Jr.	Lot 68-1-K	c1851
Lot 15-2-M	Phillips, Peter		c1851 - c1857
	Teasdale, William	east	c1852 - c1881
Lot 25-2-M	Drewery, John	west	c1871
Dollar	Wilkinson, Jonathan	Lot 11-3-M	c1851 - c1861
	Caldwell, George	Lot 11-3-M	c1852
	Cowie, George		c1895 - 1903
Headford	Robinson, John	Lot 20-3-M	c1851
	Comisky, Alexander		c1891
Lot 21-3-M	Lepaugh, Stephen		c1851
Lot 23-3-M	Steel, Anthony		c1852 - c1853
Lot 35-3-M	Woodward, F. J.	New Gormley	1912
Whitchurch	Clift, John Stone		c1871
	Clift, Samuel		c1871
	Leslie, Roger	Bethesda & Leslie	c1860 - c1861
Unknown	Bell, George		1858

Boot and Shoemakers

An essential trade from the first half of the nineteenth century was that of the shoemaker. There were at least five shoeshops in the village around mid-century, with others in each of the hamlets. Prior to 1840, Richmond Hill residents must have had to travel to more populated areas to have their shoes made.

Advertisements indicate that ready-made shoes and boots were available from the shoeshops early in the second half of the century. The change from shoemaking to shoe repair occurred gradually during the last decade of the 19th century and into the 20th century.

Location	Name	Date
Lot 41-1-V	Walls, Joseph	Carrville Rd.	c1851
	Hastings, Thomas	c1861
Lot 42-1-V	McLean, Steven		c1851
Lot 44-1-V	Locke, Matthew		c1851
	Horn, Samuel		c1861
Village	Hewison, Robert	Lot 47-1-M	1840 - 1868
	French, John W.	Lot 48-1-M	c1848 - 1856
	Hall, James	Lot 46-1-M	c1850 - 1869
	Duffy, James	Lot 46-1-V	c1851
	Stark, Samuel	Lot 47-1-M	c1851 - c1855
	Tompkins, John	Lot 47-1-M	c1851 - c1855
	Wood, Robert	Lot 47-1-M	c1851 - c1852
	Stark, Samuel	Lot 47-1-M	c1851 - c1855
	Tompkins, John	Lot 47-1-M	c1851 - c1855
	Sivers, R., Sr. & Jr.	Lot 46-1-M	1852 - 1856
	Sivers, R., Sr. & Jr.	Lot 47-1-M	1856 - 1904
	Gibson, J. W.	Lot 47-1-M	c1857
	Lee, Reuben	Lot 48-1-M	c1857 - 1862
	Myers, William	Church lot	c1857 - c1876
	Verney, James	Lot 47-1-M	c1857 - c1872
	Durham, Richard	Lot 48-1-M	c1858 - c1908
	Dolmage, Tobias	Lot 46-1-M	1859 - c1866
	Bilton, William	Markham	c1861
	Hall, Francis	Hall's shop	c1861
	Power, William	Lot 46-1-M	c1861
	Sandvidge, William	Lot 46-1-M	c1861
	Simpson, James	Lot 46-1-M	c1861
	McConaghy, Francis	Dolmage's shop	c1862 - 1870
	Fox, William	Vaughan	c1866 - c1871
	Dolmage, Tobias	Lot 47-1-V	c1866 - 1872
	McConaghy, Francis	Lot 46-1-V	1870 - 1875
	Busby, John	Vaughan	c1871
	Gamble, William	Lot 46-1-M	c1871 - 1882
	Siver, William	Sivers' shop	c1871
	Isbbit, James	Lot 46-1-M	c1871
	McConaghy, Francis	Church Lot 2	1875 - 1919
	Hannigan, John	Mrs. Gamble's shop	c1881
	Kennersley, John		c1881 - 1910
	Kennersley, George		c1881
	McConaghy, James	McConaghy's shop	c1881
	Rowe, John	Vaughan	c1881
	Dillon, Michael		c1891
	McConaghy, Charles	McConaghy's shop	c1891 - c1913
	Forrester, Henry	Markham	c1907 - c1908
	Franklin, F. A.		c1917
Elgin Mills	Williamson, Robert		c1840 - c1882
	Williamson, Robert, Jr.		c1871 - c1881
	Bodell, Andrew	Williamson's shop	c1881
Oak Ridges	McKenzie, Murdoch	at Stouffville Rd.	1851
	McKenzie, Murdoch		c1871 - c1881
	Graham, Robert	King	c1881
Lot 13-2-M	Jobbit, Thomas		c1852
Lot 14-3-M	Taylor, William		c1852
Headford	Ford, Thomas		c1851 - 1852
	Hughs, Jesse		c1851
	Newlove, Joseph		c1861
Whitchurch	Manon (?), William		c1861
	Giles, William		c1881

Builders

When the settlers arrived, their first priority was to place a roof over their heads. These first homes were often of round log construction built by the settlers and their neighbours, and were relatively simple homes meant to provide basic shelter.

With the advent of the sawmills in the 1820s and 1830s, lumber was more readily available. Once the settlers had cleared a portion of their land and were reasonably established financially, they could set to building a second house.

The construction of this second house could take such forms as timber frame, transitional framing, plank-on-plank, or vertical plank. They could have been roughcast, or sheathed with clapboard or board-and-batten.

The settlers used fieldstone for their foundations, and if stone was plentiful, for their entire houses too. Small quantities of brick could be brought in for fireplaces and chimneys. For a brief period during the 1830s a few Richmond Hill residents made their own sun-dried mud brick, but these had to be carefully covered by stucco or wood sheathing to protect them from the elements.

By the mid-1840s, brick was more readily available and a few brick homes began to appear. Locally made bricks were usually in varying shades of buff to orange, and were quite soft. Red brick, being more expensive, was more prestigious, and frequently the face of local buff brick would be dipped in a red slurry for appearance.

As the century progressed the use of patterned brickwork began to occur, with a contrasting colour being used for quoin (corners of the building), voussoirs (over doors and windows), and banding (decorative bands). Towards the turn of the century, brick buildings were usually constructed of all buff or all dark red brick. However, frame (wooden) buildings continued to be a popular form of construction, the style of framing evolving from the earlier timber-frame (barn framing) to stud framing similar to today's methods.

It is difficult to differentiate between carpenters, joiners, and builders in Richmond Hill. The same person was often listed in different ways in the census and directories of the day. Many of those on the list of builders will be also found under "Carpenters." Some, such as John L. Innes and John. L. Harris, are even referred to as architects.

Location	Name		Date
Lot 42-1-V	Little, John		c1871
Village	McNair, Matthew		1860 - c1903
	Gilroy, John		c1879 - c1881
	Chamberlain, Charles		c1881
	Chamberlain, George		c1881
	Clifford, William		c1881
	Harris, John Ley	Lot 48-1-V	c1881
	Redditt, James		c1881
	Innes, Leslie & Sons	Richmond St.	1886 - c1920
	Graham, Wm. H.	Centre St.E.	1910 - 1917
	Graham, Wm. H.	Church St.S.	1917 - 1924
	Atkinson, Ralph		c1920 - c1930+
Elgin Mills	Newton, James, Sr.		c1835 - c1881
Whitchurch	Matthewson, James		c1871
Unknown	Curry and Langford		c1883

Butchers

This trade could also be classed as a retail service, although it is not clear from the references at what point butchering became less of a service of butchering residents' own animals, and when it evolved into a retail butchering trade. There were definitely butcher shops in the 1870s and probably in the 1860s.

Location	Name		Date
Village	Dove, William	Lot 47-1-M	c1851 - c1860
	Hopper, Robert	Lot 46-1-V	c1857 - 1871
	Bailey, James	Raymond's Hotel	c1861
	Hutly, William	Nicholl's Hotel	c1861
	Holliday, James	Lot 46-1-M	c1865 - 1867
	Williams, Stephen	Lot 46-1-M	1867
	Cox, William W.	Lot 46-1-M	1867 - 1869
	Cox, William W.	Lot 47-1-V	1869 - 1872
	Glass, Wm. H.	Lot 46-1-V	1871
	Hopper, Henry F.	Lot 47-1-V	1871 - 1874
	Hopper, William		c1871
	Pugsley, Wm. H.	Lot 46-1-V	1872 - 1884
	Pugsley, Reuben	partner of W. Puglsey	1872 - 1884
	Glass, Wm. H.	partner of W. Pugsley	1872 - 1884
	Hopper, Robert		1875 - c1890
	Hopper, Henry F.	Lot 46-1-M	1878 - 1885
	Brownlee, James		c1881
	Pugsley, Arthur E.	Lot 46-1-V	c1881
	Glass, Wm. H.	Lot 46-1-V	1884 - 1930+
	Hopper, Henry F.	Lot 47-1-M	1885 - 1901
	Hopper, Herbert H.	Lot 47-1-M	1891 - c1912
	Gould, William		c1891
	Hopper, Thomas		c1891
	Redman, J.	Lot 46-1-M	1897
	Grainger, George	Lot 46-1-V	c1905
	Patton, Matthew		c1905 - c1907
	Mansbridge, F. J.	Lot 47-1-M	1919 - c1930+
Elgin Mills	Dove, George		c1851 - c1858
Lot 12-2-M	Dove, William	front	c1861
Lot 18-2-M	Newlove, Joseph		c1852 - c1856
Lot 22-3-M	Simpson, Robert		c1851
Lot 28-3-M	Ellerby, Joseph		c1852
Vaughan	Legge, W. H.		c1891
Whitchurch	Holliday, James		c1861 - 1865

Cabinetmakers

Skilled cabinetmakers operated over a 30-year span in Richmond Hill. Village trade supported four cabinetmakers during the decade from 1845 to 1855, but from the 1860s on, furniture shops were carrying ready-made stock as well as offering custom-made articles.

With the growth of machine-made furniture, the cabinetmaker's skill quickly became redundant.

Location	Name		Date
Village	Reid, William	Lot 47-1-M	c1845 - c1857
	Pollock, Charles		c1846 - c1856
	Bone, George	Lot 48-1-V	c1849 - 1861
	Hurst, Thomas	Lot 47-1-M	c1851 - c1854
	Willson, Thomas	Lot 47-1-M	c1857 - c1859
	Webber, Edwin	Church Lot 3	1861 - 1862
	Webber, Edwin	at Centre	1862 - 1865
	Coghlan, Thomas	at Centre	1866 - 1869
	Savage, Peter G.	at Centre	1869 - c1875

Carpenters

Unlike their colleagues in the cabinetry shops, the carpenters were in demand throughout the history of Richmond Hill. As the village grew, so did the carpentry trade. The busiest decades were from 1850 to 1890.

Fathers and sons, master carpenters and apprentices - many of the carpentry shops consisted of a number of carpenters. Unlike the blacksmiths, however, the carpenters tended to set up shop in the village and hamlets, with only a few scattered throughout the rural areas.

Location	Name		Date
Langstaff	Cook, William		c1835 - 1862
	Bilton, William		c1851
	Bilton, George		c1851
Lot 38-1-V	Harris, Thomas	at Westwood Lane	c1847 - c1871
	Dexter, Elijah		c1851
	Dexter, David		c1851
	Dexter, John		c1851
	Hellyer, John		c1851
	Dyer, Richard	at Westwood Lane	c1851
	Lyons, James	at Westwood Lane	c1851
	Cober, Jacob	rear	c1861
	Cober, Nicholas	rear	c1861
	Ness, James		c1881
	Ness, John		c1881
	Ness, Thomas		c1881
	Ness, William		c1881
Lot 41-1-V	Burr, Rowland		c1820 - 1836
	Burr, Nathaniel		c1830 - c1860
	Bilton, Hugh		c1851
Lot 45-1-V	Penny, William	rear	c1871
Village	Rogers, Thomas	Lot 46-1-M	c1827 - c1831
	(also listed as blacksmith)
	Chamberlin, Eriel	Mill St.	c1847 - 1867
	Doner, Samuel	Lot 47-1-M	c1847 - c1852
	Ambler, William	Lot 46-1-M	c1850 - c1860
	Bridgeford, John	Richmond St.	c1851
	Graham, George	Vaughan	c1851
	Hurst, Samuel	Markham	c1851
	Kelly, James	Vaughan	c1851
	Quintin, William	Vaughan	c1851
	Shaw, Thomas	Vaughan	c1851
	Horner, Jacob	Lot 47-1-M	c1852 - c1857
	Sedman, Thomas	Lot 46-1-M	c1852 - 1853
	(also listed as blacksmith	& carriagemaker)
	Davidson, Benjamin, Sr.	Richmond St.	c1855 - c1870
	Grant, Jesse	Vaughan	c1856 - c1891
	Dolmage, Gideon	Markham	1857 - 1858
	Kline, Peter		c1860 - c1881
	Storey, John W.	Richmond St.	c1860 - c1871
	Wiley, Francis	Vaughan	c1860 - c1882
	Harris, John L.	Lot 48-1-M	c1860 - c1908
	Boynton, George	Vaughan	c1861
	Boynton, Porie	Vaughan	c1861
	Coghlan, Thomas	Lot 47-1-V	c1861 - 1866
	Davidson, Benjamin, Jr.	Richmond St.	c1861
	Peck, Hiram	Vaughan	c1861
	Richmond, Willard	Vaughan	c1861
	Croley, Thomas E.		c1861 - c1881
	Dancey, John		c1871 - c1881
	Gale, William	Vaughan	c1871 - c1881
	Lang, James	Vaughan	c1871
	Lyons, Benjamin		c1871 - c1891
	Manton, William	Vaughan	c1871
	McNair, Matthew	Vaughan	c1871 - c1891
	Redditt, Benjamin	Vaughan	c1871
	Savage, Sylvester	Vaughan	c1871
	Wiley, Gerard J.		c1871 - c1907
	Wilson, Asa B.	Vaughan	c1871
	Wilson, Thomas	Vaughan	c1871
	Wilson, William H.		c1871 - c1881
	Bell, Aaron	Vaughan	c1881
	Bell, Henry	Vaughan	c1881
	Clifford, William		c1881 - c1891
	Cook, Arthur	Lot 48-1-V	c1881
	Gilroy, John		c1881
	Grant, Arthur L.		c1881
	Harvey, Joseph		c1881
	Hellyer, John		c1881
	Hellyer, Thomas		c1881
	Innes, George		c1881
	Kelly, Patrick	Vaughan	c1881
	Kelly, Thomas	Vaughan	c1881
	Mapes, Jesse		c1881
	Mapes, John		c1881
	Martin, Joseph H.		c1881
	McDonald, John		c1881
	McMann, Thomas	Vaughan	c1881
	Mundy, John	Vaughan	c1881
	Quantz, Alfred	Richmond St.	c1881
	Robinson, David	Vaughan	c1881 - c1891
	Robinson, James	Vaughan	c1881 - c1890
	Storey, William T.		c1881
	Wiley, Douglas G.		c1881
	Wiley, Walter E.		c1881
	Wiley, Francis	Arnold & Elizabeth	c1882 - c1910
	Innes, Leslie	Richmond St.	c1888 - c1908
	Innes, John	Richmond St.	c1890 - c1921
	Sims, George S.		1891 - c1924
	Cosgrove, Francis		c1891
	Espey, Robert	Lot 48-1-V	c1891
	Innes, William	Richmond St.	c1891 - c1905
	Law, Robert		c1891
	Lyons, George		c1891
	Lyons, Jeremiah		c1891
	Lyons, Thomas		c1891
	Peach, Thomas		c1891
	Singleton, William		c1891
	Teel, William	Richmond St.	c1891 - c1907
	Trench, Thomas	Markham	c1891
	Dennison, Herman	Centre St. E.	c1905
	Gibson, William	Vaughan	c1905 - c1907
	Harp, Asa	Centre St. E.	c1905
	Kinnee, Robert	Church St.	c1905 - c1907
	Metcalf, George	Vaughan	c1905 - c1908
	Patterson, Alec		c1905 - c1910
	Patterson, Lorne		c1905 - c1907
	Ransom, Fred		c1905 - c1907
	Robinson, Frank	Lot 48-1-V	c1905 - c1907
	Robinson, David	Church St. N.	c1905
	Bond, Edward	Church St.	1906
	Atkinson, John F.	Lot 48-1-V	c1906 - c1908
	Jackson, Frederick		c1906 - 1908
	Hopper, Frederick	Elizabeth St.	c1907 - c1908
	Metcalf, Aylmer	Vaughan	1908
Elgin Mills	Newton, James, Sr.	Lot 51-1-V	1835 - c1871
	Bone, Thomas		c1851
	Shepherd, John	Lot 49-1-V	c1851
	Shepherd, William	Lot 49-1-V	c1851
	Topham, John		c1851
	Turner, John		c1851
	Humphrey, Jay	Lot 49-1-M	c1861
	Moodie, Alexander		c1861 - c1871
Oak Ridges	Phillips, Isaac		c1851 - c1881
	Woodman, Sylvanus	Lot 70-1-K (rear)	c1851
	Alexander, Samuel	King	c1861
	McKenzie, Phillip	Lot 69-1-K	c1861 - c1871
	Proctor, Samuel	King	c1861
	Moss, William	Whitchurch	c1861
	Hennessey, James	King	c1871
	McLean, David	King	c1871
	Steel, Peter	Whitchurch	c1871
	Willcox, James	King	c1871
	Beynon, Josiah	King	c1881
	McComb, David	King	c1881
Lot 27-2-M	Heise, Jacob		c1891
Lot 35-2-M	Leary, Robert	New Gormley	c1861
Dollar	Wilkinson, Jonathan, Sr.		c1851 - c1861
	Clark, Thomas		c1852 - c1891
	Couch, William		c1852 - c1871
Headford	Phillips, William	Lot 15-2-M	c1851
	Helmkay, Henry	Lot 16-2-M	1851 - c1861
	Gamble, Ezra		c1852
	Stark, John		c1857
	Mapes, Cyrus		c1861 - c1891
	Mapes, William		c1881
Lot 26-3-M	Cook, John		c1852
Lot 30-3-M	Nigh, Frederick	rear	c1881
Markham	Bliss, James		c1861
	Doner, John		c1861
	Lunau, Henry		c1861
	Baker, Jacob		c1871
	Breckon, James		c1871
	Doner, Jacob		c1871
Whitchurch	Royal, Reuben	Lot 1-2-W	c1861
	Collard, George	Lot 1-2-W	c1861 - c1871
Unknown	Davey, John		c1860
	Mortley, John		c1860 - c1871
	Snider, Edward		c1886

Carriage and Wagonmakers

Transportation was a serious concern to the early settlers, since roads were not much more than rough, muddy tracks filled with stumps. However, by mid-century Yonge Street had been macadamized through Richmond Hill and the demand for wagons, carriages, and coaches increased dramatically. Sleighs were also in demand, since they were an easier and more comfortable form of transportation over the snow-covered frozen ground, than through mud, potholes, and corduroy roads.

Richmond Hill had several prominent carriage makers. Thomas Sedman also entered into the undertaking business, since he had the available hearse. Trench's Carriage Works was a large establishment, shipping carriages as far as Manitoba. Wright Carriage Works, which had taken over from MacBeth, also turned out reputable vehicles, and like Sedman, carried on an undertaking business. With the advent of the radial car on Yonge Street, and finally the automobile, the carriage industry died out. Trench's was the last one to close, in the 1920s.

Location	Name		Date
Langstaff	Cook, William		c1851
Village	Hall, Henry	Wright St.	c1851
	MacBeth, Thomas	Wright St.	c1851
	Sedman, Thomas	Lot 46-1-M	1856 - c1881
	MacBeth, Andrew	Lot 48-1-V	c1861 - 1873
	Trench, William	Lot 46-1-M	c1864 - c1920
	Powell, Peter	Lot 47-1-V	c1871
	Wright, John H.	Lot 48-1-V	c1873 - c1881
	Martin, Joseph J.		c1881
	Storey, William T.		c1881 - c1891
	Trench, Thomas	Lot 46-1-M	c1891 - c1920
	Linklater, Alexander		c1891
Oak Ridges	Hughey, William		c1881

Carriage Painters and Trimmers

There were many more carriage painters and trimmers than the Wright family, but they are listed under painters or carpenters, since they used their skills in a variety of ways.

Location	Name		Date
Village	Wright, William Ashford	Lot 48-1-V	c1881
	Wright, Thomas E.	Lot 48-1-V	c1881
	Wright, Alfred	Lot 48-1-V	c1891
	Wright, Charles	Lot 48-1-V	c1891
	Wright, James	Lot 48-1-V	c1891

Coopers

Coopering, like cabinetmaking, was short-lived. The busiest time was in the 1850s, when the coopers were making barrels for George P. Dickson's steam grist mill at Elgin Mills. John Hamilton had 11 coopers living with him at his cooperage, in the 1851 census. By the 1861 census, the number of coopers at Elgin Mills had dropped to five.

Location	Name		Date
Village	Johnston, Nicholas	Mill St.	c1847 - c1860
	Pogue, William, Sr.	Lot 48-1-M	1856 - 1865
	Pogue, William, Jr.	Lot 48-1-M	c1865 - c1881
	Pogue, Thomas	Lot 48-1-M	c1865 - c1871
Elgin Mills	Hamilton, John		c1850 - c1871
	Brown, William		c1851
	Brown, Thomas		c1851
	Dobin, James	Lot 53-1-M	c1851
	Harper, Frederick		c1851
	Jelfic, Joseph		c1851
	Jones, Edward		c1851
	Kelly, Daniel	Lot 53-1-V	c1851
	Mathis, John		c1851
	Montgomery, John (1)		c1851
	Montgomery, John (2)		c1851
	Muir, John		c1851
	Nicolson, Andrew		c1851
	Plim, John		c1851
	Plunket, Ullrich		c1851
	Pogue, William, Sr.		c1851 - 1856
	Pogue, William, Jr.		c1851 - c1865
	Pogue, Thomas		c1851 - c1865
	Rankin, Abram		c1851
	Roberts, Isaac		c1851
	Roberts, Jacob		c1851
	Roberts, Thomas		c1851
	Walker, John		c1851
	Whitley, John		c1851
	Hamilton, James		c1861 - c1871
	Joyce, Redman		c1861 - c1870
	Noller, James		c1861
	Wallis, George		c1861
	Bell, James		c1871
	Doyle, Stephen		c1871
	Naughton, Patrick		c1881
	Hamilton, George		c1871
	Mulholland, John		c1871
Headford	Arnip, William		c1849 - c1857
Lot 28-2-M	Harrison, John		c1861
King	Brenniss, John		c1851
	Brighton, Edward		c1851
	Flinn, John		c1851
	Glassford, John		c1851
	Holland, Daniel		c1851
	Hollival, John		c1851
	Jollip, Joseph		c1851
	Rogers, Charles		c1851
Vaughan	Finlay, Samuel		c1871
	Smith, John		c1871 - c1881
	Smith, William		c1881

Druggists

Richmond Hill's first druggist, Robert Hall, appears to have set up business about 1856. By 1861, the census records also list his wife, Ann, as a druggist. This was not a business that required more than one or two in a village, but from 1856 on, Richmond Hill always had at least one. Sandersons became famous for their "Infallible Oil," which they promoted by travelling the province in their decorated wagon.

Location	Name		Date
Village	Hall, Robert	Lot 46-1-M	c1856 - 1863
	Hall, Ann	Lot 46-1-M	c1861 - 1863
	Hall, Robert & Ann	Lot 46-1-V	1863 - 1869
	Law, Robt. Emery	Lot 47-1-M	1869 - c1887
	Sanderson, Henry	Lot 47-1-M	1869 - c1919
	Sanderson, Wm. A.	Lot 47-1-M	c1871 - c1907
	Sloan, J. Howard		c1917 - c1924
	Glenn, G. H.	Lot 46-1-M	1923 - c1930+
	Porter, Ernest M.		1924 - c1926
	Wray, Henry E.		c1927
Unknown	Austin, H.F.		c1929 - c1930

Grocers and General Store Merchants

Although early residents of Richmond Hill had to be fairly self-sufficient, some household necessities had to be purchased, and so the general store was essential from the very beginnings of settlement.

Abner Miles was the first to open a store in the area, and his account books are still available to give an interesting picture of the commodities required.

There is no evidence of a store between Miles' death in 1806 and Benjamin Barnard's store in 1821, but it is likely that one existed. Possibly James Miles kept his father's business interests alive for some time after Abner's death. However, from the 1830s on there were grocery and general stores available in Richmond Hill, with their numbers increasing as the decades progressed.

Merchants often seemed to lease premises for a few years, and then when they were securely established, purchased a location of their own. The owners and lessees of a particular site can be fairly readily traced, showing a rather remarkable change-over of shopkeepers at any particular spot.

There was a sprinkling of stores throughout the concessions on Yonge, but on the back concessions, only a single store would be found in the hamlets, and very few on the in-between lots.

Most of the rural post offices were located in stores, so that the list of postmasters probably indicates who the shopkeepers were. However, they are only listed if they are definitely known to have had a shop on the premises.

Location	Name		Date
Langstaff	Langstaff, John		c1820 - c1880
	Horne, Henry		c1881 - c1891
	Boyle, David		c1893 - 1930+
Richvale	Sumner, Mr.		c1920
	Allison, George		1921
Lot 41-1-V	Lund, Wm.		c1861
	Sanderson, Samuel		c1871
Lot 42-1-V	Lawence, A.P.		c1851
Lot 45-1-M	Miles, Abner		c1803 - 1806
Village	Barnard, Benjamin	Lot 46-1-M	c1821 - 1831
	Logan, Alexander	Lot 46-1-M	1831 - 1833
	McKechanie, Alex	Lot 46-1-V	c1832 - c1846
	Sinclair, James	Lot 46-1-M	c1836 - 1844
	Wallington, John	Lot 47-1-V	1844 - 1850
	Chadwick, Wm.	Lot 46-1-V	1846 - 1847
	McPherson, William	Lot 47-1-M	1846 - c1854
	Hastings, Richard	Lot 46-1-V	1847 - 1849
	Eastwood, Richard	Lot 46-1-V	1849
	Teefy, Matthew	Lot 46-1-M	c1849 - c1850
	Teefy, Matthew	Lot 46-1-V	c1850 - 1857
	Falconbridge, J.K.	Lot 46-1-V	c1850 - 1861
	Barnard, B. & G.A.	Lot 46-1-M	c1851 - 1857
	McPhillips, John	Lot 47-1-M	c1851 - c1854
	Searle, Stephen	Lot 46-1-M	c1851
	Jenkins, James	Lot 47-1-M	c1852 - c1865
	Crosby, Parker	Lot 47-1-M	c1853 - 1868
	McKinnon, William	Markham	1854
	Hopkins, David	Lot 47-1-V	1856 - c1880
	Harrington, John	north end	1858 - c1868
	Durrant, Charles	Lot 46-1-V	1857
	Barnard, G.A.	Lot 46-1-M	1857 - 1874
	Clarkson & Lynot	Lot 46-1-V	1858 - 1859
	Teefy, Matthew	Lot 46-1-V	1860 - c1900
	Pollock, Wm. S.	Lot 46-1-M	1860 - 1867
	Flood & Price	Lot 46-1-V	1862 - 1864
	Price, Thomas	Lot 46-1-V	1864 - 1865
	Flood, Richard	Lot 48-1-M	1864 - 1865
	Atkinson, Wm.	Lot 46-1-M	1864 - 1866
	Henderson, John		c1864 - c1865
	Kellar, C.M.		c1864 - c1869
	Waterhouse, John	Lot 47-1-M	1866
	Shields, Wm.	Lot 46-1-M	1866 - c1870
	Atkinson, Wm.	Lot 46-1-V	1866 - 1874
	French, Isaac	Lot 46-1-M	1868 - c1871
	Crosby, Isaac	Lot 47-1-M	1868 - 1889
	Morgan, Thomas	Lot 46-1-M	c1868 - c1869
	Warren, R.C.		c1868
	Duncan, William	Markham	c1871
	Grant, Jesse	at Richmond	c1871
	Jenkins, James		c1871 - c1874
	Clifton, Jarvis	Markham	c1871 - c1874
	Moodie, Alex	Lot 46-1-M	1871 - 1874
	French & Elliott		c1871 - c1872
	Savage, P.G.	Lot 47-1-V	c1872 - c1909
	Brown, John	at Centre	1872 - 1884
	Moodie, Alex	Lot 46-1-M	1874 - 1913
	Atkinson, Wm.	Lot 47-1-V	1874 - 1876
	Sheppard, Charles	Lot 46-1-M	1874 - 1878
	Clifton & Co.	north end	c1874
	Falconbridge, J.K.	Lot 46-1-V	1875 - 1878
	Atkinson & Switzer	Lot 47-1-V	1876 - 1892
	Trench, George	Lot 46-1-M	1878 - 1879
	Reynolds & Newton	Lot 46-1-V	1878 - 1883
	Trench, George	Lorne Block	1879 - 1889
	Pogue, Mrs. Wm.	Lorne Block	1880 - c1886
	Skeele, A.L. & Clarence	Lot 47-1-M	c1880 - 1930+
	Lymburner, Robt.	at Dunlop	1881 - 1882
	Soules, Mrs. Geo. & W.C.	Lot 46-1-M	1882 - 1886
	Sneath & Grennan	Lot 46-1-V	1884 - 1886
	Hall, Joseph & Wellington	at Centre	1884 - 1913
	Kirkby, Fred	Lot 46-1-M	1886 - c1891
	Grennan, Benjamin	Lot 46-1-V	1887
	Harrison, Mrs. C.	Lot 47-1-V	c1882 - c1895
	Neville, R.W.	Lot 46-1-V	1888 - c1890
	Atkinson, Wm. D.	Lot 47-1-M	1889 - 1892
	Brown, Oscar J.	Lorne Block	1889 - c1896
	Graham, Mrs. John		c1891 - c1892
	Elliott, A.G.	Lot 46-1-V	c1892 - c1896
	Atkinson (Wm. D.) & Switzer	Lot 47-1-V	1893 - 1895
	Switzer, J.A.E.	Lot 47-1-V	1895 - 1909
	See, Mr.	Lot 46-1-V	1896
	Ross, Mary	Lorne Block	1896 - c1908
	McDonald, John		c1896
	Hopper, Mrs. H.F.		c1900 - c1904
	Ludford, Thomas	Lot 46-1-M	c1905 - 1906
	Savage, W.C.	Lot 46-1-V	c1906 - 1913
	Savage, Armand	Markham	c1907
	Sims, Frank E.	Lot 46-1-M	1907 - 1930+
	Grainger, Fred		c1909 - c1911
	Switzer, Mrs. J. & Ethel	Lot 47-1-V	1909 - 1920
	Lynett, Mrs. E. J.		c1912
	Savage, W.C.	Lorne Block	c1913 - 1920
	MacDonald, G.A.	Robinson Block	1913 - 1918
	Cowie, George	Lot 48-1-V	1915 - c1916
	Duncan, Wm.	Robinson Block	1918 - 1930+
	Savage, W.C./Dominion Stores	Lorne Block/Robinson Block	1920 - c1923
	Andrew, G. E.		c1921 - c1922
	Bennett, Mrs		c1922 - c1926
	Murphy & Beynon		c1923 - c1926
	Sharples, E.H.		c1923 - c1929
	Allison, George		c1923 - 1929
	Stein, J. & M.		c1923 - 1926
	Stein/Leaders Stores		1926 - 1930+
	Circus, Mrs.		c1928 - c1931
Elgin Mills	Lawrence, James		c1851
	Waterhouse, John		c1862 - 1866
	Newton, H. & A.	Lot 50-1-V	1866 - 1867
	Bernard, John G.	Lot 51-1-M	1866 - 1872
	Newton, Henry	Lot 50-1-V	1867 - 1869
	Naughton, Michael & John	Lot 50-1-V	c1870 - 1919
	Newberry, Robert		1871
	Hamilton, George		c1881
	Kempner, Mr.	Lot 50-1-V	1919
Lot 54-1-M	Harrington, John		1856 - 1858
Jefferson	Gale, J.W.		1882 - 1890
Oak Ridges	Suttle, Frederick & Georgina		c1861
	Beynon, John		c1861
	Mabley, Albert		c1871
	Blain Bros.		c1923
Dollar	Couch, William		c1851
	Provin, Thomas		c1852
	Amoss, Thomas		c1853
Headford	Taylor, Edward		c1852 - c1857
	Reading & Baker		c1857 - 1860
	Baker, Charles		1860 - 1861
	Gamble, W.W.		c1861
	Smith, Thomas		c1871
	Wellman, James		c1881 - c1896
	McBride, Mrs.		1903 - 1905
	Hendricks, Mrs.		c1906
Lot 26-3-M	Allison, Thomas		c1852
Whitchurch	Todd, James, Jr.		c1861
	Mosley, Robert		c1861
	Hughes, William		c1861
	Emery, J.R.		c1871
	Woolings, Mr.	New Gormley	c1910
	Cober, Peter	New Gormley	1912 - c1915
	Birch, Mr.	New Gormley	c1915 - 1918
	Johnson, John T.	New Gormley	1918 - 1930+

Hotels

Hotel, inn, tavern - all were used to describe the accommodations for travellers in the early 1800s, and appear to have been used interchangeably. All offered lodging, food, and drink.

"Drink" was the operative word for most of the establishments from the very beginning of Upper Canada. Tavern licenses were required and renewed yearly. Licenses on Yonge Street were more costly than those on the back concessions or sideroads, an indication of the greater profitability of a Yonge Street hotel.

In the early years of the 19th century, even Yonge Street could scarcely warrant the word "road." Although theoretically opened, various sections were reclaimed by the forest from time to time. Consequently, Richmond Hill may well have been a good day's travel out from York, and therefore a good location for the early inns. By the 1820s, settlement was increasing and the settlers required accommodation as they moved to their settlement lands. As well, soldiers moving between York and Penetanguishene required lodging. The 1820s were busy times for inns in Richmond Hill.

Political unrest, economic depression, and fear of cholera had their effects on the Yonge Street hotel trade of the 1830s, but the 1840s, with its rapid increase in immigration, saw a resurgence in the tavern business. The 1850s and 1860s were the heyday of the hotel, but the Temperance movement of the 1870s and economic stagnation created uncertain times, reflected in an unstable hotel trade in Richmond Hill. By the 1880s the hotels of Richmond Hill had decreased until only a few remained, but those that had survived were mainly large establishments. As the hotel trade declined through the 1890s and the 1900s, the larger hotel buildings suffered the most, becoming vacant or housing an assortment of unrelated enterprises.

Location	Name	Date
Lot 36-1-V
Yorkshire House	Cook, Wm. & Jane	1838 - 1862
"	Cook, Jane	1862 - c1885
Lot 41-1-V
Lymburner's Tavern	Ashley, Jarvis	c1820 - c1834
"	Lymburner, Matthew	c1834 - c1850
"	Tack (Tuck), James	c1851 - c1855
Lot 45-1-M
Miles' Tavern	Miles, Abner	c1802 - c1806
Lot 46-1-M
Vanderburgh's Tavern	Vanderburgh, Barnabas	1823 - c1828
O'Hearne's Tavern	O'Hearne, William	1829
"	O'Hearne, Francis	1830 - 1836
"	Dalby, Francis (possibly)	1837 - 1840
"	Unknown	1841 - 1849
Masonic Arms	Simpson, John	c1850 - 1851
"	Hughs, Nathan	1852 - 1853
"	Linfoot, George	1854 - c1855
Victoria Hotel	Wiseman, Robert	1856 - 1859
"	Simpson, George	1860
"	Wilson, George	1861 - 1865
"	Simpson, George	1866 - c1870
"	Logan, George	1871
Lot 46-1-M
Ambler's Hotel	Linfoot, George	1852
"	Sheppard, Edward	1853 - c1856
"	Ambler, William	1857 - 1860
White Hart Inn	Vannostrand, Cornelius	1860 - 1865
"	Dolmage, Gideon	1866 - 1868
"	Logan, George	1869 - 1870
Dominion Hotel	Davis, Nelson	1870 - 1871
"	Proctor, Simon	1871 - 1879
Grand Central Hotel	Chamberlain, Charles	1880 - 1881
"	Powell, John & Frank	1882 - 1886
"	Powell, William	1886
"	Gilmour, Gilbert	1887
"	Rupert, A.J.	1887 - 1891
Lot 46-1-M
Dalby's Tavern	Dalby, Francis	1841 - 1851
"	Maguire, John	1852 - c1855
Richmond Hill Hotel	Nicholls, Richard	1856 - 1864
Robin Hood Hotel	Cook, Thomas	1865 - 1866
"	Ferris, Robert	1867
"	Velie, John	1868 - 1874
"	Lemon, Walter	1875
"	Cosgrove, Frank	1876 - 1881
Royal Hotel	Hewison, Warren	1881 - 1883
Dominion House	Brillinger, Benjamin	1883 - 1895
"	Ellston, John	1895 - 1904
"	Stong, Daniel	1905 - 1906
Lot 46-1-M
Clark's Tavern	Wright, Archibald (possibly)	1826 - 1828
"	MacAdams, Thomas (possibly)	1829 - 1831
"	Brown, John (possibly)	1832 - c1835
"	Clark, John	1836 - 1837
"	Unknown	1838 - c1849
Linfoot's Hotel	Linfoot, John	c1849 - 1852
(White) Swan Hotel	Gaby, Joseph	1852 - 1858
Plough Inn	Peck, H.W.	1858
Raymond's Hotel	Raymond, Robert	1859 - 1872
Palmer House	Palmer, John	1872 - 1891
"	Palmer, Walter	c1891
"	Kelly, John	1891 - 1897
"	Hulse, Walter	1897 - 1899
"	Palmer, John	1899 - 1905
"	Savage, W.C.	c1905 - c1907
"	Knight, John	c1905 - c1907
"	Wright, Henry	1907 - c1910
"	Michael, Robert	c1909
"	Good, John	1911 - c1913
Hotel Richmond	Kelly, John	1913 - 1916
"	Lang, A.G. & Co.	1917
"	Grant, Ezra	1918 - 1924
Lot 47-1-V
Bridgeford's Hotel	Bridgeford, David	c1820 - c1829
Lot 48-1-V
Halfway House	Sheppard, Edward (possibly)	c1849 - 1851
"	Linfoot, John	1852 - 1858
"	Gaby, Joseph	1858 - 1862
"	Wootten, Edward	c1863 - c1865
Lot 49-1-V
Raymond's Tavern	Raymond, James	c1823 - 1828
"	Raymond, Ann	1828 - 1832
Lot 50-1-V
Flanagan's Tavern	Flanagan, William	1814 - 1816
"	Flanagan, Leah	1817
Lot 50-1-V
Crew's Tavern	Crew, William	1837 - 1838
Lot 51-1-V
Fleck's Inn	Fleck, James	1819 - 1823
Lot 51-1-V
Elgin House Hotel	Bingham, Robert	c1847 - 1854
"	Raising, John	c1851
"	Horseman, J.	c1855 - c1858
"	Anderson, George	c1859 - c1864
Lot 51-1-M
Elgin House Hotel	Christian, Mr. & Mrs. James	c1866 - 1870
"	Christian, Mrs. Ann	1871 - 1876
"	McQue, Patrick	c1871
"	Joyce, Redmond	1876 - c1902
"	unknown	1902 - 1920
"	Chatburn, Mr. & Mrs. T.	1920 - 1921
"	Bridges, E.	1921
Windham
Pilkington's Tavern	Pilkington, Isaac	c1810
Lot 63-1-K
Bond Lake Hotel	MacAdams, Thomas	1832 - c1834
"	Beach, Hiram	1835 - 1836
"	Unknown	1837 - 1838
"	Graham, James	1839
"	Steele, Thomas	1839 - 1858
"	Unknown	1859 - 1869
"	Suttle, Frederick	1870 - 1873
"	Bell, Robert	1874 - 1883
"	Bell, William	1884 - c1893
"	Morell, Adams	c1891
"	Cosgrove, Francis	1894 - c1902
Oak Ridges
Gordon's Tavern	Gordon, John King	c1823 - 1827
"	Gordon, John Whitchurch	1828 - c1831
Lot 65-1-W	Christison, Mr.	c1860 - 1861
	Suttle, Frederick	1862 - c1870
	Curtis, Asa	c1871 - c1895
Lot 65-1-W
Ridge Inn	Hudgins, Mr. & Mrs.	unknown
"	McGaffen, Mr.	c1903
"	Unknown	c1904 - c1920
"	Malloy, John	c1920
"	Thompson, John	1921 - 1944
Lot 69-1-K	Redden, William	c1851
	Thompson, William	c1851
	Briggin, George	c1851
	Collome, Henry	c1871
	Johns, Francis	c1871
Dollar	Shields, William	c1852

Milliners

During the 19th century some form of head covering was considered essential for all women. Even around the house, a simple cap was worn. As hats became more elaborate, greater skill was required to make them, so by the 1860s a number of women were advertising their services as milliners. Some operated alone, and some in association with dry goods stores. Millinery was one of the few trades considered appropriate for women, especially spinsters and widows.

The height of the millinery trade in the village was in the 1860s and 1870s. Perhaps by the 1880s "store-bought" bonnets were more readily available.

Location	Name		Date
Village	Baker, Emma	Lot 46-1-M	c1861
	Robinson, Jane	Lot 47-1-M	c1861
	Frank, Marilda	Vaughan	c1861
	Davidson, Agnes	Vaughan	c1861
	Coulter, Miss	Lot 47-1-V	1862
	Todd, Miss	Lot 46-1-M	1863
	Cooper, Misses	Lot 46-1-M	c1866
	Routledge, Misses M. & A.	Lot 46-1-M	c1866
	Jenkins, Mrs. W.	Lot 47-1-M	1867
	Myers, Mrs. Wm.	Lot 46-1-V	1868 - 1874
	Clarke, Mrs. H.	Lot 46-1-M	c1869 - 1871
	Hassett, Mrs.	Lot 46-1-M	c1872 - c1874
	Atkinson, Mrs. Wm.	Lot 47-1-V	c1880
	Fishburn, Frances		c1881
	McKiterick, Mary		1891
	Davies, Mrs. Wm.		1918 - 1930+
	Batty, Mrs. Norman		c1922
Oak Ridges	Carscadden, Ann	Lot 65-1-K	c1861

Painters

Richmond Hill's painters were a versatile group. Their activities included house painting, carriage painting, wall papering, graining, and even glazing (installing window glass). Our first record of painters occurs in the 1851 Census, but early examples of stenciling and wallpapering have been found, suggesting the trade flourished from a much earlier period. The greatest number of painters appears during the 1880s, a time of great activity in building new homes in the village.

Location	Name		Date
Village	Miller, John	Markham	c1851
	Vailes, Richard	north end	1858 - c1861
	Craig, John	Masonic Arms	c1861
	Cooper, William	Lot 48-1-V	c1862 - 1872
	David, H.A.	Arnold St.	1869
	Hutchins, John	Arnold St.	c1869
	Wilson, Robert	Arnold St.	c1871 - c1872
	MacBeth, Thomas	Lot 48-1-V	c1871
	Hewison, Warren		c1878 - c1922
	Archer, Rolph	Lot 46-1-M	c1881
	Derry, George	Vaughan	c1881
	Kendrick, Edward C.		c1881
	Maitland, F. J.		c1881
	McLean, Gordon		c1881
	Riley, William	Mill St.	c1881
	Sheppard, William		c1881
	Size, Charles	Vaughan	c1881
	Tully, James	Vaughan	c1881
	Wiley, William E.		c1881
	Benson, Walter		c1891 - c1907
	Minthorn, Walter		c1891 - c1897
	Piper, John		c1891
	Shierk, Albert		c1891
	Sims, John, Jr.		c1891
	Sims, Frank		c1891 - c1906
	Glover, John	Markham	c1905 - c1906
	Tiffin, John	Markham	c1905 - c1907
	Hopper, Ernest F.	Richmond St.	1907
	Rethwick, Walter C.	Lot 48-1-M	1909
	Ellis, John	Lot 47-1-V	1914
	Ellis, John	Lot 47-1-M	1915
Elgin Mills	Cooper, William	Lot 52-1-M	c1861 - c1862
	Shepherd, J. S.		1920
Unknown	Morrison, J.		c1857
	Davies, C.		c1875
	Morris, Gilbert		c1875
	Penrose (1st name unknown)		c1890 - c1891
	Shepherd, J. S.		c1920

Physicians and Surgeons

Richmond Hill was fortunate to have had the services of a physician from very early in the century. Dr. Asa Reid first came to Lot 49-1-Markham in 1820. During this early period, Richmond Hill residents could also call on a number of Thornhill doctors who advertised that their practices covered the townships of Vaughan, Markham, and neighbouring areas. During the late 1820s and early 1830s Anthony Gapper, John Daly, James McCague, and Lucius O'Brien were practising in Thornhill.

From the arrival of James R. Langstaff in 1849, the medical needs of Richmond Hill were well-served by various members of the Langstaff family for nearly 128 years. Throughout the same period there was almost always another doctor in residence in the area.

There seem to have been no doctors on the back concessions or sideroads throughout Richmond Hill's history and only one in the northern part of the community. The Oak Ridges area was undoubtedly served by doctors from Aurora.

Location	Name		Date
Village	Langstaff, James M.	Lot 48-1-V	1849 - 1889
	Duncumb, John	Lot 46-1-M	c1851 - 1862
	Hunter, J. John	Vaughan	c1851
	Langstaff, Lewis M.		c1855
	Hostetter, John	Dominion Hotel	1873
	Playter, Edward		c1873 -c1875
	Brown, George	Lot 48-1-V	1875 - c1878
	Tyrell, Dr.		c1878
	McKenzie, B.E.	Lot 48-1-V	1880
	Langstaff, John Elliott	Lot 48-1-V	1881 - 1882
	Wilson, Wm. J.	Richmond St.	1884 - 1895
	Langstaff, Lewis G.	Thornhill	1889 - 1897
	Francy, C.H.		1890
	Langstaff, Rolph L.	Lot 48-1-V	1891 - 1930+
	Hutchinson, James N.		c1897 - c1902
	Lawrason, Lavern	Lot 47-1-V	1903 - 1905
	Langstaff, Lillian C.	Lot 48-1-V	1905 - 1939
	Dean, William E.	Lot 47-1-V	1906
	Boyd, Samuel J.	Lot 47-1-V	1907 - 1911
	Cassidy, James I.	Lot 47-1-V	1908
	Wilkinson, Jonathan	Lot 47-1-V	1908 - 1910
	Pentland, W.R.	Lot 47-1-V	1910 - 1919
	Wilson, John P.	Lot 47-1-V	1919 - 1930+
Elgin Mills	Hostetter, John	Lot 51-1-M	1862 - 1872
Whitchurch	Mortimer, Charles		c1861

Saddlers and Harnessmakers

There were two main harnessmakers with shops in Richmond Hill - William Harrison and William H. Myers. Harrison opened his own shop in 1856 and continued until about 1908. Myers set up business at about the same time, but moved from Richmond Hill 20 years later. Each shop employed several men.

Throughout the last half of the nineteenth century, there was a regular turnover of smaller shops in the village. There were almost no harness shops within present day Richmond Hill which were outside the village.

Location	Name		Date
Lot 44-1-V	Reid, George		c1851
Village	Brown, Thomas	Lot 46-1-V	c1851
	Harrison, William		c1851 - c1856
	Maguire, John	at Centre	c1851 - c1852
	Soden, James	Maguire's shop	c1851
	Potter, John	Lot 46-1-M	1854
	Myers, William	Lot 46-1-V	c1855 - 1877
	Harrison, William	Lot 46-1-M	c1856 - c1858
	Harrison, William	Lot 47-1-V	c1858 - c1908
	Bellasley, Martin	Harrison's shop	c1861
	Benrose, Edward	Myers' shop	c1861
	Edmonson, Charles	Myers' shop	c1861
	Glass, Thomas	Harrison's shop	c1861
	Richardson, Leeds	Myers' shop	c1861
	Barns, Hezekial	Vaughan	c1871
	Clarke, Henry	Lot 46-1-M	1871 - c1881
	Warren, James	Markham	c1871
	Dewsbury, Henry B.	Lot 46-1-V	1876 - c1885
	MacDonald, George A.	Lot 47-1-V	c1881 - c1914
	Mapes, George		c1881
	Devlin, Joseph	Lorne Block	1882 - c1886
	Sturmer, George	Lot 46-1-M	c1891
	Barker, Morley	at Centre	c1907 - c1908
	Robinson, W. R.	Lot 46-1-M	1915 - c1917
Lot 32-3-M	Crothers, Westin		c1851

Seamstresses and Dressmakers

It was not until a decade into the last half of the 19th century that families turned to outside resources for their clothing needs. Only one reference was found to a seamstress prior to 1861.

Dressmaking and its associated skills of millinery and mantlemaking were considered appropriate pursuits for single ladies and widows. Some worked from their homes, but a number leased shops, especially during the 1870s and 1880s. The village held the greatest concentration of dressmakers, but there were a few scattered at prominent points along Yonge Street. None is listed in the rural concessions.

Location	Name		Date
Langstaff	Barsted, Marie	Lot 36-1-V	c1851
	Horne, Margaret	Lot 36-1-V	c1871
Lot 41-1-V	Sanderson, Elizabeth		c1871
Lot 45-1-V	Williamson, Annie	Yonge St.	c1871
Village	Forester, Fanny	Vaughan	c1861
	Lockwood, Elizabeth	Vaughan	c1861
	Pollock, Mrs. W.S.	Lot 46-1-M	c1861 - c1874
	Ransom, Ursula	Powell St.	c1861
	Simpson, Minnie	Markham	c1861
	Slaney, Margaret	Markham	c1861
	Cooper, Misses	Lot 46-1-M	c1866
	Routledge, Misses M. & A.	Lot 46-1-M	c1866
	Jenkins, Hannah	Vaughan	c1871
	Storey, Mary	Richmond St.	c1871
	Pollock, Mrs. W.S.	Lot 47-1-M	1874 - c1877
	Esdale, Miss	Lot 47-1-M	1877
	Andrews, Annie S.	Markham	c1880
	Clifford, Mrs.	Centre St.W.	c1880
	Durham, Elizabeth	Lot 48-1-M	c1881
	Harvey, Ellen		c1881
	Powell, Emily		c1881
	Ross, Mary		c1881 - c1891
	Furlong, Miss	opp. Richmond	1888 - c1890
	Harrison, Clara	Yonge St.	c1888 - c1894
	Lyons, Miss	with Furlong	1888 - c1890
	Albin, Alberta (Bertha)	Arnold St.	c1891 - c1892
	Boynton, Harriett		c1891
	Eyer, Charlotte		c1891
	Harris, Amelia	Lot 48-1-V	c1891
	Kennersley, Mary		c1891
	McLean, Colleen		c1891
	Moodie, Jessie	Lot 46-1-M	c1891
	Morris, Hannah		c1891
	Pinder, Jennie		c1891
	Powell, Martha		c1891
	Wiley, Fanny		c1891
	Sterling, Georgina		c1893 - c1896
Elgin Mills	Williamson, Elizabeth	Lot 51-1-V	c1871
Lot 53-1-M	Leander, Bertha		c1891
Lot 55-1-V	Coupland, Elizabeth		c1871
Lot 58-1-M	Gorman, Mary		c1891